Understanding NSCLC

To help you understand non-small cell lung cancer, we have put together a number of resources to answer common questions. Take a look below to find information on every step of your journey with lung cancer, from diagnosis to remission.

What is non-small cell lung cancer?

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) starts in the cells that line the airways and lung tissue. Smoking, or exposure to tobacco smoke, is the most common cause.

Symptoms

Symptoms of non-small cell lung cancer usually involve the lungs and airways, but some people may have more general symptoms or even no symptoms at all.

Diagnosis

Several types of tests are used to diagnose non‑small cell lung cancer. These include imaging, biopsies, and laboratory tests, which all help to identify the type of cancer and assess if it has spread.

Staging

Staging describes how far cancer has spread and helps guide treatment decisions. Two systems are commonly used in non-small cell lung cancer: TNM and number staging.

Biomarker testing

Biomarkers are changes in cancer cells that can help guide treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. Testing often looks for gene mutations or proteins, including EGFR, ALK, KRAS, and PD-L1, which may be linked to certain treatments.

Treatment

Treatment for non-small cell lung cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, how far it has spread, and overall health. Options may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy.

Prognosis and response to treatment

Prognosis describes the likely outcome of the disease, and response to treatment covers how treatment is affecting the cancer and the person receiving it.

Side effects

Side effects from treatment for non-small cell lung cancer vary depending on the type of treatment. Many are short-lived, and your healthcare team can help you manage them.

Remission and relapse

Remission, no evidence of disease (NED), and relapse describe how non-small cell lung cancer behaves after treatment. NED means the cancer is no longer detectable, and relapse refers to the cancer returning or progressing.

Caregiving and support

Being a caregiver to someone with lung cancer involves supporting them with everyday activities. Caregivers can access support to look after their own health and wellbeing.