Remission, no evidence of disease (NED), and relapse 

These are terms used to describe how cancer may behave after treatment. 

Remission 

These terms are often used interchangeably; however, NED means that signs of the cancer are no longer detectable on tests or scans, whereas remission means signs and symptoms of the cancer have reduced (partial remission) or disappeared (complete remission). In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), remission or NED can sometimes occur quickly because the cancer often responds well to initial treatment, particularly chemotherapy. However, this does not always mean the patient is cured, so ongoing monitoring is important. Some people remain in remission or have NED for a long time, while for others the cancer may return. 

Relapse 

Relapse is when the cancer returns after a period of remission or begins to grow again after initially responding to treatment. In small cell lung cancer, relapse is common, particularly within the first few years after treatment.  

If relapse occurs, further treatment may be considered depending on previous therapies, how long the cancer was controlled for, and the patient’s overall health. 

Monitoring 

To monitor remission or detect relapse, healthcare teams will arrange regular follow-ups. This may include imaging scans (such as CT or MRI scans), blood tests, and physical examinations during and after treatment. Close follow-up is important to help identify any changes early and guide next steps in care. 

References 

1. National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®). NCCN guidelines for patients: Small cell lung cancer, 2024. https://www.nccn.org/patients/guidelines/content/PDF/SCLC-patient-guideline.pdf. Accessed Mar 3, 2026.